2023-05-15
Tag Archives: china sprocket
china sales Chain Gear Sprocket Processing All Kinds Steel Chain Wheel manufacturers
Solution Description
ChangZhou YiRui Machining Co.,Ltd is a professional CZPT standard parts manufacturer in CZPT .With large normal top quality manage policy, haoyan products have obtained many certifications, these kinds of as CCS, BV, DNV, LR, NK.
Because establised in 2008 CZPT CZPT regular elements has been exported to a lot of countries, these kinds of as CZPT ican, CZPT pean nations, Asian nations around the world, and so on. Our items are commonly utilised in petroleum and chemical market, CZPT era, shipbuilding, weighty equipment, and so on
Chain wheel product description:
one. Substance: 1045
2.Area remedy: Black oxide or as CZPT er’s requirements.
three. Aggressive value
4. Prompt shipping and delivery
5. CZPT long lasting work lifestyle time
six. Top quality assurance
seven.Packing: CZPT packing or as for each CZPT ers’ requests.
eight.Payment: 30% T/T in CZPT , the stability to be paid out towards the duplicate of B/L.
9.Little purchase accepeted and ensure exceptional workmanship.
10.Sample can be free, but CZPT er require to spend freight payment.
If you are fascinated in CZPT products, you should get in touch with us at any time.
Substantial precision Chain wheel solution description: | |
Applications | Business or other filelds |
Substance | 1045 or in accordance to the CZPT er’s requirements |
Manufacturing method | Machining |
Sort | Equipment speed reducer |
Shippment strategies | DHL, UPS, TNT, FedEx, by air, by sea or according to the CZPT er’s demands |
Deal details | wood instances, cartons, pallets, plastic bags or in accordance to the CZPT er’s requirements |
Positive aspects | Higher good quality, aggressive value, very best provider, well timed shipping |
Trade conditions | FOB, CIF, EXW or according to the CZPT er’s requirements |
Payments conditions | T/T, CZPT ern union, Paypal or in accordance to the CZPT er’s demands |
Detailed image:
Our other products:
Workshop Display:
Consumer Visting
As the most compact tiny precision gear technique, worm equipment sets give higher reduction ratios in a quite modest space. Worm gear sets transmit motion between disjoint proper-angle shafts and supply the quietest, smoothest running procedure of any equipment variety.
china Cheap Industrial Plastic Casting Sprocket Gear for Transmission Parts manufacturers
Product Description
CZPT CZPT CZPT CZPT s for Transmission Areas
Description
- OEM size suit for CZPT ers’ requirment
- A number of shade can be choosed
- Engraved or embossed emblem acknowledged
- Massive buy quantity are able to be fulfilled
- Rigorous top quality manage program
- In time delivery and thoughtful CZPT -service
- Certification: SGS, GB/T 19001-2016, ISO9001:2005
Materials | Nylon ,mcnylon,POM,Stomach muscles,PU,PP,PE,PTFE,UHMWPE,HDPE,LDPE, PVC,and so forth. |
Color | Black, white, purple, CZPT , clear or any coloration in accordance to Pantone code |
Size | As for every CZPT er’s needs |
Technological innovation | Injection molding, CNC machining, Extrusion. |
Surface area Treatment method | Powder coating, Zinc coating, Galvanization, CZPT ctro-deposition coating, Chrome/zinc/nickel plating, Sprucing, Silkscreen, Black oxide |
Software | Automotive, ATV, CZPT tools, CZPT , Property appliance, Aviation, Workplace amenities, CZPT , and so on. |
Shippment | We have CZPT time period cooperation with internation delivery agent and specific business, so that transport safty and arriving time are secured |
Our Factory
Our CZPT
Our Certification
Zhongde is a SGS verified manufacture. We have handed ISO9001:2005 top quality manage certifacation as well as environment administration certification.
For CZPT quotation, remember to tell beneath detials
1. Product type
2. Measurement (offer samples or second/3d drawings for reference)
three. Materials specification (or permit us using environment)
four. CZPT tity ask for
five. Favor coloration
Our Advantage:
CZPT provider—We are a organization specialsing in creating CZPT mechanical parts in rubber & plastic & pu materials, and we generate according to your samples or drawings ,if they are not CZPT , we design and style according to your specifications and the application. Different existing molds—We have CZPT own mould manufacturing facility,and after more than thirty a long time of continued accumulation, there is a extremely massive sum of moulds ,so that we might save the mould cost for you.
Our Packing
Our normal packaging techniques are as followings,or it can be as CZPT er’s request.
Delivery:
We will pick the shipping strategies in accordance to your ask for.
Get in touch with Us
The lubricating oil exterior circulation gear of the worm equipment reducer equipment has lower oil temperature. The worm gear reducer programs to traverse its electricity. The worm gear is produced of non-ferrous metal. Learn knowledge worms are usually produced of hard metal. For that reason, employing a great deal of warmth in the software, coupled with the impact of the ambient temperature, it is difficult to manage the temperature of the reducer. Use in the temperature range. When the ambient temperature is reduce than 0℃, the functioning temperature of the worm gear reducer should be controlled at -40℃~40℃. It is recommended to heat or use a low freezing point lubricant prior to the oil is entirely dissolved.
china shop Customized Sprocket Gear with Machining Processing manufacturers
Item Description
Personalized CZPT Gear with Machining Processing
1. Description
No. | Item | Description |
one | Title | Sprocket |
two | Dimension | Items can be CZPT ized. |
3 | Substance | forty five#Steel,20CrMnTi,40Cr,20CrNiMo,20MnCr5,GCR15SiMn,42CrMo,2Cr13stainless steel,Nylon,Bakelite,Copper,Aluminium.and so on |
4 | Creation Procedure | The primary process is Gear Hobbing. |
5 | Heat Treatment | Carburizing and quenching ,Higher-frequency quenching,Nitriding, Hardening and tempering, Picking heat therapy in accordance to the various materials. |
6 | Tests Products | Rockwell hardness tester 500RA, Double mesh instrument High definition-200B & 3102,Equipment measurement center instrument CNC3906T and other CZPT precision detection equipments |
7 | Certification | GB/T19001-2016/ISO9001:2015 |
eight | Use | Used in printing device, cleansing device, health-related gear, garden equipment, building machine, electrical automobile, valve, forklift, transportation gear and CZPT gear reducers.and so on |
9 | Bundle | According to CZPT er’s ask for |
two. Photographs
3. Purchase approach
a. CZPT er sends us the drawing or sample, If only sample, CZPT organization source the CAD drawing.
b. Our firm supplies the processing approach and quotation.
c. Our business supplies the sample soon after CZPT er confirmed processing technique and quotation.
d. CZPT er places the order after validate the sample.
e. CZPT er spend 50% deposit
f. CZPT tity creation.
g. Shell out the balance after the acceptance and affirmation.
h. Supply.
Worm gears are proper angle drives that provide huge equipment ratios with reasonably brief centre-to-center distances from 1/4″ to 11″. When appropriately mounted and lubricated, they serve as the quietest, smoothest-operating gear variety. Simply because worm equipment drives can obtain high gear ratios, maximum reduction can be reached in a scaled-down space than several other kinds of gear drives. The worm and worm gear operate at a 90° angle on non-intersecting axes.
china near me shop Gear Wheel Powder Metallurg Precision Forging Transmission Differential Pinion Sprocket Helical Worm Rack Plastic Ring Starter Spiral Spur Bevel Drive Gears manufacturers
Item Description
Outstanding powder metallurgy components metallic sintered areas
We could supply CZPT powder metallurgy areas like iron primarily based and copper dependent with leading high quality and most affordable cost, please only deliver the drawing or sample to us, we will according to CZPT er’s requirement to make it. if you are fascinated in CZPT item, remember to do not wait to make contact with us, we would like to offer you the top good quality and ideal support for you. thank you!
How do We Operate with Our CZPT s
one. For a style specialist or a massive firm with your personal CZPT team: we favor to get a fully RFQ pack from you like drawing, 3D model, amount, photos
2. For a begin-up firm operator or CZPT hand for CZPT : just deliver an concept that you want to try out, you will not even require to know what casting is
3. Our revenue will reply you inside of 24 several hours to validate additional specifics and give the estimated quotation time
four. Our CZPT crew will evaluate your inquiry and offer CZPT provide inside of next 1~3 doing work days.
5. We can organize a specialized communication conference with you and CZPT engineers collectively whenever if needed.
Location of origin: | Jangsu,China |
Sort: | Powder metallurgy sintering |
Spare parts variety: | Powder metallurgy areas |
Equipment Test report: | Provided |
Content: | Iron,stainless,steel,copper |
Important marketing factors: | Top quality assurance |
Mould variety: | Tungsten steel |
Materials regular: | MPIF 35,DIN 3571,JIS Z 2550 |
Software: | Modest house appliances,Lockset,Electrical tool, vehicle, |
Brand Title: | OEM Provider |
Plating: | Custom-made |
Right after-sales Service: | Online assist |
Processing: | Powder CZPT lurgr,CNC Machining |
Powder CZPT lurgr: | Large frequency quenching, oil immersion |
Good quality Handle: | 100% inspection |
The Edge of Powder CZPT lurgy Process
one. Cost powerful
The last products can be compacted with powder metallurgy strategy ,and no need or can shorten the processing of equipment .It can help save materials drastically and lessen the generation expense .
two. Intricate shapes
Powder metallurgy permits to acquire sophisticated styles straight from the compacting tooling ,without having any machining procedure ,like tooth ,splines ,profiles ,frontal geometries and so forth.
3. CZPT precision
Achievable tolerances in the perpendicular route of compacting are usually IT 8-9 as sintered,improvable up to IT 5-7 after sizing .Extra machining operations can increase the precision .
4. Self-lubrication
The interconnected porosity of the material can be stuffed with oils ,getting then a self-lubricating bearing :the oil provides continuous lubrication in between bearing and shaft ,and the method does not need any further external lubricant .
5. CZPT technological innovation
The production process of sintered parts is accredited as ecological ,simply because the materials squander is really low ,the solution is recyclable ,and the energy effectiveness is very good due to the fact the substance is not molten.
FAQ
Q1: What is the kind of payment?
A: Usually you need to prepay 50% of the complete quantity. The balance ought to be pay out off before cargo.
Q2: How to guarantee the higher high quality?
A: 100% inspection. We have Carl Zeiss high-precision testing equipment and screening office to make sure every merchandise of dimension,appearance and strain test are excellent.
Q3: How CZPT will you give me the reply?
A: we will get in touch with you in 12 several hours as shortly as we can.
This autumn. How about your shipping time?
A: Typically, it will consider twenty five to 35 days right after receiving your CZPT payment. The certain delivery time depends on the objects and the quantity of your buy. and if the product was CZPT normal, we have to take into account further ten-15days for tooling/mould manufactured.
Q5. Can you create according to the samples or drawings?
A: Sure, we can generate by your samples or specialized drawings. We can build the molds and fixtures.
Q6: How about tooling Cost?
A: Tooling cost only charge once when 1st buy, all potential orders would not cost yet again even tooling fix or underneath maintance.
Q7: What is your sample policy?
A: We can source the sample if we have prepared components in inventory, but the CZPT ers have to spend the sample value and the courier expense.
Q8: How do you make CZPT company CZPT -term and excellent connection?
A: 1. We keep excellent good quality and aggressive price to guarantee CZPT CZPT ers reward
2. We regard every CZPT er as CZPT friend and we sincerely do company and make buddies with them, no matter the place they occur from.
Worm gears are right angle drives that give large equipment ratios with relatively brief centre-to-middle distances from 1/4″ to eleven”. When properly put in and lubricated, they serve as the quietest, smoothest-managing equipment kind. Since worm equipment drives can attain substantial equipment ratios, highest reduction can be reached in a more compact place than many other sorts of equipment drives. The worm and worm gear run at a 90° angle on non-intersecting axes.
china price OEM High Quality Plastic Spur / Bevel / Crown / Worm / Helical Sprocket Gear for Shaft manufacturers
Product Description
OEM CZPT High quality Plastic Spur / Bevel / Crown / Worm / CZPT cal CZPT Gear for Shaft
Goods Kind
We can CZPT measurement,content and different shape for gears as your requiremnt.
Merchandise Specification
- Different type for your option.
- Good abrasion, heat and oil resistance.
- Good anti-ageing functionality and gas tightness.
- Simplicity of bonding to other materials.
- Outstanding oxygen and ozone resistance.
- Non-flammable,self-extinguish.
Substance | PA,PA6,PA66,PP,PE,LDPE,HDPE,UWHDPE,PTFE,POM,Ab muscles,or CZPT Compound (Any CZPT compound plastic is CZPT ) |
Size | In accordance to samples or drawings |
Shade | Black,white,crimson,environmentally friendly,transparent or any shade in accordance to Pantone shades |
End | High Gloss,Wonderful CZPT ,Electroplating,Painting,Printing,Texture and so forth,or as ask for |
Sort | Spherical,sq.,rectangular,or any CZPT common shape as request |
Brand | Debossed,embossed,printed symbol or as ask for |
Order Operation Flow
We execute each phase according to the operation procedure stream, strictly, significantly and meet up with the demands of CZPT ers with excellent good quality on time.
For CZPT Quotation,You should Advise Underneath Particulars
- Production type
- Substance specification (or permit us know the utilizing environmental)
- Size information? (or give drawings or samples for refference)
- Quantity ask for
- Favor coloration
Specific pitches and prospects of the worm do not permit the worm gear to drive the worm. This is useful when the software demands to lock the output if the software is operating in the reverse course. When the helix angle is much less than 5°, the worm is self-locking. When the helix angle is better than 10°, the worm can be pushed back. Worm and worm gear assemblies must be mounted on vertical, non-intersecting shafts.
china near me shop Gear Wheel Precision Forging Transmission Drive Differential Pinion Sprocket Steel Hardened Helical Worm Rack Crown Straight Spiral Spur Bevel Gears manufacturers
Merchandise Description
Gear Wheel CZPT Forging Transmission CZPT CZPT ential Pinion CZPT Metal Hardened CZPT cal Worm Rack Crown straight Spiral Spur CZPT
Precision forging bevel gears included forging straight bevel gears and forging spiral bevel gears, These forging bevel gears CZPT machined by sizzling forging, cold forging and compound forging technique. and are extensively adopted by CZPT suppliers on the software of saloon vehicle, passenger auto, mini-car, hefty duty truck, medium responsibility truck, light obligation truck, CZPT equipment, agriculture machinery and wind CZPT generation and so on.
Simply click below to get the newest quotation!
Product | Spur Equipment/Bevel Gear/Helical Equipment/Spiral Bevel Equipment |
Content | C45,40Cr,20CrMnTi,42CrMo, Copper, CZPT steel and so on as for every your requests. |
Processing | Forging, Machining, Hobbing, Milling, Shaving, Grinding, Warmth therapy….… |
Heat Therapy | Carburizing,Induction,Flame,Nitriding….… |
Major CZPT s | NC Gear Hobbing CZPT s, NC Equipment Shapers(Gealson, Moude), NC lathe, NC equipment Shaving machines, NC equipment milling, Nc gear grinding Machines and many sorts of gear associated devices. |
1 . Can CZPT ized based on drawings or Samples
two . CZPT Prototype for intriguing sustainable venture
3 . ODM Task exciting , Group offer you complex support on time .
4 . Substance Selection : Steel , Brozne , CZPT , POM .
five . Production Selection : Forging , CZPT , Machining & Injection
Simply click below to ship us your drawings
Relevant products:
Worm gears are right angle drives that supply massive equipment ratios with fairly short middle-to-center distances from 1/4″ to eleven”. When effectively put in and lubricated, they serve as the quietest, smoothest-running equipment kind. Since worm gear drives can obtain higher equipment ratios, maximum reduction can be reached in a scaled-down place than a lot of other varieties of equipment drives. The worm and worm equipment operate at a 90° angle on non-intersecting axes.
ANSI, made in China – replacement parts – in Frankfurt Germany DIN, JIS, Kana Standard Sprocket Chain Wheel B Type with ce certificate top quality low price
We – EPG Team the bigge EPT Chain and agricultural gearbox manufacturing facility in China with 5 diverse branches. For much more particulars: Mobile/whatsapp/telegram/Kakao us at: 0086~13083988828 13858117778 0571 88828
XIHU (WE EPT LAKE) DIS. EPT Chain Team is the mo EPT professional manufacturer of power transmission in China, manufacturing roller chains, business sprockets, bike sprockets, casting sprockets, various variety of couplings, pulleys, taper bushes, locking units, gears, shafts, CNC precision parts and so on. We have handed ISO9001, ISO14001, TS16949 this kind of top quality and enviroment certification.
Merchandise Identify: Business Sprocket
Normal: ANSI, DIN, JIS, KANA
Substance: Steel C45
Surface Therapy: Tooth Harden, carburizing, zinc plated, chemical balck end
Hardness: 45-fifty two HRC
OEM: Yes
Place of Origin: China
Application: Business sprockets can be usedin power driving, conveyor, lifting, mine, agricultural, foods industry and so forth., collectively with roller chains.
Product name | ANSI, DIN, JIS, Kana Normal Sprocket Chain Wheel B Sort |
Materials Available | 1. Stainless Steel: SS201, SS303, SS304, SS316, SS416, SS420 |
two. Steel:C45(K1045), C46(K1046),C20 | |
3. Brass:C36000 ( C26800), C37700 ( HPb59), C38500( HPb58), C27200(CuZn37), C28000(CuZn40) | |
four. Bronze: C51000, C52100, C54400, etc | |
five. Iron: 1213, 12L14,1215 | |
six. Aluminum: Al6061, Al6063 | |
7.OEM according to your request | |
Surface Remedy | Annealing, natural anodization, heat treatment, polishing, nickel plating, chrome plating, znic plating,yellow passivation, gold passivation, satin, Black surface area painted and so forth. |
Products Available | sprockt chains, pulley, shafts(axles, spline shafts, dart shafts),gears (pinions, wheels gear rack) bearing, bearing seat, bushing, coupling, lock assembly and many others. |
Processing Method | CNC machining, punch,turning, milling, drilling, grinding, broaching, welding and assembly |
QC : | Technicians self-check in production,last-examine ahead of bundle by specialist Top quality inspector |
Measurement | Drawings |
Package | Wooden Scenario/Container and pallet, or as per customized specifications |
Certificate | ISO9001:2008 , ISO14001:2001,ISO/TS 16949:2009 |
Gain | High quality fir EPT Provider superior , Superior tools,Experienced personnel, EPT screening products |
Lead Time | fifteen-25days samples. 30-45days offcial order |
The use of authentic gear manufacturer’s (OEM) part figures or trademarks , e.g. CASE® and John Deere® are for reference needs only and for indicating product use and compatibility. Our organization and the listed replacement parts contained herein are not sponsored, approved, or produced by the OEM.
Tractor made in China – replacement parts – in Valencia Spain Equipment Replacement Repair Parts Sprocket Rim for Berco with ce certificate top quality low price
We – EPG Group the bigge EPT Chain and agricultural gearbox manufacturing unit in China with 5 various branches. For much more information: Mobile/whatsapp/telegram/Kakao us at: 0086~13083988828 13858117778 0571 88828
Sprocket Rim
Material: 40Mn
Engineering: Forging or Casting
Complete: Smooth
Hardness: HRC50-60
Deepth: 4mm-10mm
Heat treatment method: Quenching
Dimensions: International Normal
Port: HangZhou
EPT Potential: 100000 Piece/Pieces per Month can increase
Packaging Element: Wood scenario/pallet
Shipping and delivery Depth: ten-20 times right after the payment
Certificate: ISO9002
Warranty time: 6 months
Provider: OEM and after-sale provider
Our manufacturer can supply the Design below:
PC40-7 PC60-5-6-7 PC75 PC100-3-5 PC120-5 PC130 PC200-2-3-4-5-6-7-8 PC220-1-3-5 PC230 PC240 PC300-1-5-6-7 PC400-1-3-five
Hitachi:
EX40 EX55 ZX55 EX55-5B EX60-2-3 EX70(ZX70) EX100M EX100-1-2-3-5 EX120 EX150 EX160 EX200-1-2-3-5 ZX200 ZX210 EX220 ZX230 EX300-1-2-3-5 EX330 EX400 UH08 UH07 UH10 UH14
Sumitomo:
SH60 SH65 SH100 SH120-A3 SH120 SH200 SH220-1-5 SH260 SH280 SH300-1-2-3 SH340 SH580-5 S25 S35 S120 S160 S250 S260 S265F2 S280 S280F2 S280FA
Kobelco:
SK30 SK40 SK60 SK100 SK120 SK200-1-6 SK220-1-3 SK230-3-6 SK300 SK320 SK07-1-2-7 SK07N2 SK09
Caterpillar:
E70 E110 E120B E180 E200B E240 E300B E307 CAT311 CAT312 E320 E325 E330 E450 MS180
Daewoo:
DH55 DH60 DH70 DH80 DH150 DH150W DH175 DH200 DH210 DH215-7-9 DH220-3-5-7 DH225 DH255 DH258 DH280 DH300 DH320 DH330 DH340 DH370 DH400
Kato:
HD250 HD250SE HD400 HD450 HD500 HD510 HD550 HD550SE HD650 HD700 HD770 HD800 HD1250 HD1430
Hyundai:
R55 R60-5-7-9 R80 R110 R130-1-2-7 R150 R190 R200-1-2 R210 R215 R220 R225-7 R265 R290 R305 R455
Volvo:
EC55B EC60C EC140B EC200B EC210B EC240B EC290B EC360B EC460B EC550
Bulldozer:
D20 D31 D50 D60 D65 D30 D40 D60-3 D6B D5 D80 D85 D3C D4C D4D D75 D80A-7 D4E D4H-1 D31-15 D31-18 D50-15 D50-16 D6D D5H D8N D9N D155 D31 D355 D10
HangZhou EPT EPT Co., Ltd. is one particular of major manufacturers and exporters of undercarriage elements for excavators and bulldozers for much more than ten many years in China. Its manufacturing facility is found at HangZhou City of ZheJiang Province, really in close proximity to HangZhou Port with a really hassle-free transportation.
HangZhou EPT EPT largely provide undercarriage alternative elements this sort of as monitor rollers, leading rollers, sprockets, segments, loafer assy, observe hyperlink assy, monitor shoe, bucket, bucket tooth, bucket hyperlink, I url, chopping facet, conclude bits, bushings pins, bolts and nuts for excavators and bulldozers. Its merchandise are relevant for mo EPT renowned can make these kinds of as Komatsu, Hitachi, Caterpillar, Kobelco, Kato, Daewoo, Hyundai, EPT and so on. Mo EPT goods are exported to European, Southea EPT Asia, Middle East, South The usa and so on.
With the principal “Excellent quality and Be EPT companies at affordable rates”, we try to continually increase our manufacturing approach to provide far better goods at better costs. We cordially welcome the buyers from all over the entire world to seek advice from and check out, on the basis of mutual gain and creat refulgence together.
Brand name | ||||||||
PC30 | PC40 | PC45 | PC60 | PC75 | PC100 | PC120 | PC200 | |
EXCAVATOR | PC220 | PC300 | PC350 | PC400 | ||||
CATERPILLAR | E70B | E110 | E120 | E200B | E307 | E311 | E312 | E320 |
EXCAVATOR | E322 | E325 | E300B | E330 | ||||
D20 | D21 | D30 | D31 | D37 | D40 | D50 | D60 | |
BULLDOZER | D63 | D65 | D80 | D85 | D135 | D155 | D355 | D375 |
CATERPILLAR | D3C | D3D | D4 | D4C | D4D | D4E | D5 | D5H |
BULLDOZER | D6 | D6C | D6D | D6H | D7E | D7G | D8N | D9N |
HITACHI | EX30 | EX40 | EX60 | EX100 | EX120 | EX200 | EX220 | EX300 |
EX400 | ZAX200 | ZX330 | ZX350 | UH07 | UH081 | UH083 | ||
DAEWOO | DH55 | DH200 | DH220 | DH280 | DH300 | DH320 | ||
HYUNDAI | R55 | R110 | R130 | R150 | R200 | R210 | R250 | R290 |
KEBELCO | SK60 | SK100 | SK120 | SK200 | SK220 | SK300 | K904 | K907 |
MITSUBISHI | MS110 | MS120 | MS140 | MS180 | ||||
KATO | HD140 | HD250 | HD400 | HD550 | HD700 | HD850 | HD900 | HD1220 |
EPT H.I. | MX8 | SE200 | SE210 | SE280 | MX292 | SE350 | ||
SUMITOMO | SH70 | SH100 | SH120 | SH160 | SH200 | SH280 | SH300 | SH340 |
Make contact with us:
HangZhou EPT EPT Co., Ltd.
Contact particular person:James
The use of authentic equipment manufacturer’s (OEM) component figures or trademarks , e.g. CASE® and John Deere® are for reference needs only and for indicating item use and compatibility. Our company and the listed substitute parts contained herein are not sponsored, approved, or created by the OEM.